CHOICE 1 M2 IDIL EARTH

The course content is organized into 6 sequences:
- Climate: meteorological variables, major Earth climates
- Surface energy balance: radiative, conductive and convective fluxes, surface energy balance,
reference evapotranspiration (Penman and Penman-Monteith approaches)
- Plant: growth and development cycle, phenology, geometric structure, photosynthesis, root system,
water in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum
- Crop models: Monteith's
approach, water constraints
- Impact of climate change in agriculture

Objectives* :

The aim of the module is to provide a theoretical basis for the influence of climate on
plant production. Target skills include knowledge of the fundamentals
of ecophysiology and the relationships between climate, water and plant production.

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This course introduces the fundamental concepts needed to understand the genesis and functioning of geothermal reservoirs.

Initially, the different types of geothermal energy, from very low-energy to high-energy geothermal energy for electricity production, are discussed in detail, with real-life case studies. A global overview is provided to assess the energy potential of geothermal resources.

The UE will then focus on several points specific to geothermal energy, such as mass and heat transfer mechanisms in reservoirs. These will be discussed and illustrated on real cases using numerical modeling. The geological signature of geothermal reservoirs, such as mineral alteration, will also be studied in detail through case studies.

The problem of storage will be addressed by considering applications such as underground storage of CO2, heat or energy. The influence of the mechanical properties of reservoir rocks, as well as interactions between stored fluids and surrounding rocks, will be highlighted, with the aim of considering the feasibility and durability of these storage devices.

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This module aims to provide a basic understanding of the principles of topographic positioning and mapping. Basic knowledge of GNSS and laser positioning methods is covered in detail in lectures, followed by fieldwork and practical exercises. Finally, project work will enable students to apply the practical and theoretical knowledge acquired at the start of the module, and above all to gain a better understanding of the complementarity and accuracy of geodesy measurements.

Course content:
- Introduction from ground geodesy to space geodesy
- Geodesy reference frames
- Traditional ground geodesy tools
- The GNSS positioning system
- Geodesy applications (active tectonics, landslides, anthropogenic deformation, etc.)
- Measuring topography (DTM, LIDAR, etc.)

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