CHOICE 1

This course introduces students to contaminants in the aquatic environment, essential for assessing risks to ecosystem and human health, and for managing water resources. For this reason, the program includes a presentation of the various environmental contaminants and regulations.

This course is taught by lecturers and researchers (multi-disciplinary course) whose research activities focus on the problem of contaminants in aquatic environments.

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The courses essentially consist of a decoded presentation of the fundamentals of regional planning: the main legal frameworks are presented and analyzed (in a participative manner) legal frameworks and their constant evolution (Codes, Laws, Texts), the "doctrines doctrines "We also look at the various technical "tools" available, whether in terms of procedures or project set-up (urban planning documents, or public or private construction or development projects). Also analyzed and presented are the tools and conditions for dialogue and consultation (examining different operating methods), land-use approaches land approaches (land management and the tools needed to achieve it), assessment of the multiple issues (financial, socio-economic and political), and finally, decision-making decision-making processes. The various aspects mentioned above are highlighted as factors that condition the success - and hence the successful spatial translation - of all development projects, whatever their nature. nature nature dimension.

Focusing on all regions, the module is also intended to focus on issues specific to coastal areas. coastal areasand similar areas. Because coastal areas have their own specific characteristics, a specific approach to these areas is essential, complementing the general approaches (Loi Littoral, Loi sur l'Eau, servitudes, changes in frameworks and texts).

Finally, the backdrop to this module is the systematic highlighting of the many debates and issues involved in the confrontation between theurgency (or priority) socio-economic urgency (or priority) environmentalwith an understanding of trade-offs and adjustments that this confrontation gives rise to. The current ecological and transitional urgency and the acceleration of the confrontations / conflicts of interest are examined and put into perspective.

With regard to the management "This theme is also described and analyzed for each of the points covered by the planning stage, both as a consequence of the planning stage, and as a consequence of the planning stage . consequence of the actions undertaken and as a condition for success -in the medium and long term- of projects on any scale.

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This course should enable students to acquire in-depth knowledge of how aquatic ecosystems function, and to identify threats and vulnerability in the face of local pressures and climate change.

It will also enable students to 1) understand the specific features of benthic ecosystem functioning and the ecological roles of its components, 2) acquire in-depth knowledge of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, 3) acquire knowledge of the impact of chemical and biological contaminants (toxic and pathogenic microalgae), climate change and anthropization on the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and on these components with socio-economic repercussions. This course will develop networks for monitoring the marine environment and the health of exploited marine animals, while addressing mortality issues.

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Water is at the heart of multiple and contradictory issues, visions and interests. The articulation of these different elements raises the question of integrated management (IWRM) and regulation (particularly by public policies), the balance between collective and private values, and decision-making processes concerning collective issues - in short, governance. Decentralization, water and sanitation services, basin management, the European Framework Directive and financial circuits illustrate, in particular, different facets of governance.

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This course is divided into 2 parts, one dealing with surface and atmospheric water, the other with groundwater. This course is a continuation of the Water Cycle course in S1, and lays the essential foundations for the specific hydrodynamics and physical hydrology courses that will take place in S2. It is therefore a transitional course between fundamental knowledge of the water cycle and knowledge specific to the study and characterization of surface and groundwater resources.

Theoretical courses combined with integrated tutorials are complemented by hands-on work on computers and hydrogeological maps.

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