CHOICE 1

This course should enable students to acquire in-depth knowledge of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and to identify threats and vulnerability to local pressures and climate change.

It will also allow 1) to know the specificities of the functioning of benthic ecosystems and the ecological roles of its components, 2) to acquire in-depth knowledge in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, 3) to acquire knowledge on the impact of chemical and biological contaminants (toxic and pathogenic microalgae), of climate change and anthropization on the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and on these components with socio-economic repercussions This EU will develop networks for monitoring the marine environment and the health of exploited marine animals by addressing mortality issues.

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The lessons consist essentially of a presentation of the foundations of regional planning: the main legal frameworks are presented and analyzed (in a participative manner) legal frameworks and their constant evolution (Codes, Laws, Texts), the " doctrines We present and analyze (in a participatory manner) the main legal frameworks and their constant evolution (Codes, Laws, Texts), the "doctrines" that condition their application, but also the different technical "tools", whether they are procedures or file set-ups (Urban Planning Documents, or public or private construction or development projects). The tools and conditions for dialogue and consultation (examination of the different operating modes), the land approaches (land control and tools for this control), the evaluation of the multiple issues (financial, socio-economic and political), and finally the processes of decision making. The different aspects mentioned above are put forward as factors that condition the success - and therefore the successful spatial translation - of all development projects, whatever their nature and the dimension.

Focused on all the territories, the module is also focused on the specific problems of coastal areass and similar areas. Because coastal areas have their own specificities, a specific approach to these areas is essential to complete the general approaches (Coastal Law, Water Law, easements, evolution of frameworks and texts).

Finally, the backdrop of this module is the systematic highlighting of the multiple debates and issues involved in the confrontation between theemergency (or priority) socio-economic and the emergency (or priority) environmental emergencywith an understanding of the trade-offs and adjustments that this confrontation gives rise to. The topicality of the ecological and transitional emergency as well as the acceleration of confrontations / conflicts of interest are examined and put into perspective.

With respect to the management As regards the "management" of territories, presented in the title of the EU (" From planning to management of the territory") as a consequence of the planning stage, this theme is also described and analysed for each of the points declined that fall under planning, both as a consequence of the actions carried out and as a condition for success -in the medium and long term- of the projects implemented on a territory, whatever the scale.

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Water is at the heart of multiple and contradictory issues, visions and interests. The articulation of these different elements raises the question of integrated management (IWRM) and regulation (in particular by public policies), of the balance between collective and private values, and of decision-making processes concerning collective issues, in short, of governance. Decentralization, water and sanitation services, basin management, the European Framework Directive, financial circuits illustrate, in particular, different facets of governance.

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This course introduces students to the contaminants in the aquatic environment, which are essential for the evaluation of risks to the health of ecosystems and humans and for the management of water resources. This is why the program integrates the presentation of the various contaminants of the environment and the regulations.

This course is taught by research professors and researchers (multidisciplinary course) who develop their research activities around the problems of contaminants in aquatic environments.

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The course is organized in 3 main chapters with alternating tutorials applied to engineering problems. In the first part, after describing the large water reservoirs on a global scale and the basic principles of the water cycle, the effects of human activities on this cycle are discussed. The second part is dedicated to the aerial part of this cycle from precipitation to infiltration. The third part focuses on aquifers and groundwater from the pore scale to the catchment scale.

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The content of the module is structured as follows: -A series of lectures: 1-Water resources and food security, 2-Environmental impact of agriculture on water resources and aquatic environments, 3-Current advances and challenges in agronomic research for the optimization of water consumption by plants, and 4-Management of water demand in agriculture. -Tutorials: Food security and prospective scenario. -A prospective work in small groups will be implemented to produce scenarios related to the state of water resources and food production on a case study of a southern country.

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Water is at the heart of multiple and contradictory issues, visions and interests. The articulation of these different elements raises the question of integrated management (IWRM) and regulation (in particular by public policies), of the balance between collective and private values, and of decision-making processes concerning collective issues, in short, of governance. Decentralization, water and sanitation services, basin management, the European Framework Directive, financial circuits illustrate, in particular, different facets of governance.

See full page

See full page

This course introduces students to the contaminants in the aquatic environment, which are essential for the evaluation of risks to the health of ecosystems and humans and for the management of water resources. This is why the program integrates the presentation of the various contaminants of the environment and the regulations.

This course is taught by research professors and researchers (multidisciplinary course) who develop their research activities around the problems of contaminants in aquatic environments.

See full page

The lessons consist essentially of a presentation of the foundations of regional planning: the main legal frameworks are presented and analyzed (in a participative manner) legal frameworks and their constant evolution (Codes, Laws, Texts), the " doctrines We present and analyze (in a participatory manner) the main legal frameworks and their constant evolution (Codes, Laws, Texts), the "doctrines" that condition their application, but also the different technical "tools", whether they are procedures or file set-ups (Urban Planning Documents, or public or private construction or development projects). The tools and conditions for dialogue and consultation (examination of the different operating modes), the land approaches (land control and tools for this control), the evaluation of the multiple issues (financial, socio-economic and political), and finally the processes of decision making. The different aspects mentioned above are put forward as factors that condition the success - and therefore the successful spatial translation - of all development projects, whatever their nature and the dimension.

Focused on all the territories, the module is also focused on the specific problems of coastal areass and similar areas. Because coastal areas have their own specificities, a specific approach to these areas is essential to complete the general approaches (Coastal Law, Water Law, easements, evolution of frameworks and texts).

Finally, the backdrop of this module is the systematic highlighting of the multiple debates and issues involved in the confrontation between theemergency (or priority) socio-economic and the emergency (or priority) environmental emergencywith an understanding of the trade-offs and adjustments that this confrontation gives rise to. The topicality of the ecological and transitional emergency as well as the acceleration of confrontations / conflicts of interest are examined and put into perspective.

With respect to the management As regards the "management" of territories, presented in the title of the EU (" From planning to management of the territory") as a consequence of the planning stage, this theme is also described and analysed for each of the points declined that fall under planning, both as a consequence of the actions carried out and as a condition for success -in the medium and long term- of the projects implemented on a territory, whatever the scale.

See full page

This course should enable students to acquire in-depth knowledge of the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and to identify threats and vulnerability to local pressures and climate change.

It will also allow 1) to know the specificities of the functioning of benthic ecosystems and the ecological roles of its components, 2) to acquire in-depth knowledge in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems, 3) to acquire knowledge on the impact of chemical and biological contaminants (toxic and pathogenic microalgae), of climate change and anthropization on the functioning of aquatic ecosystems and on these components with socio-economic repercussions This EU will develop networks for monitoring the marine environment and the health of exploited marine animals by addressing mortality issues.

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This teaching is divided into two parts, one part concerning surface and atmospheric waters, the other part concerning groundwater. This UE is in continuity with the UE Water cycle of S1, and allows to lay the essential bases for the specific teachings of hydrodynamics and physical hydrology which will take place in S2. It is thus a transitional course between fundamental knowledge on the water cycle and specific knowledge on the study and characterization of surface and groundwater resources.

Theoretical courses associated with integrated tutorials are complemented by practical work on computers and hydrogeological maps.

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