M2 - Physics of Complex and Disordered Matter (SoftMat)

One of the major issues related to the use of different materials in our daily life is their durability and therefore their degradation. In this course, we will address the issues related to the durability of materials (resources, reserves, criticality of materials, ...) as well as the methodologies for studying durability (types of aging surface / volume, temporal extrapolation, multi-scale, combination of effects, experimental representation and industrial validation). This will then allow to model the aging kinetics from different models.

The different types of degradation affecting polymers will then be analyzed.

Finally, the aging of different types of materials will be illustrated by different concrete case studies (concrete, ceramic, metals and elastomers).

Hourly volume* : 11h CM :

                                    9h TD

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Polymer physics, of which this course is an introduction, is concerned with the physical properties of covalent assemblies in chains, from a few tens to a few millions of elementary molecules: polymers or macromolecules.

These synthetic or natural molecules can be observed in solid, liquid, solution, colloidal or confined to an interface.

Their very particular physical properties have led to the development of specific theoretical tools and to the appearance of this new branch of physics with numerous applications.

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Bibliographical study on a research theme associated with the course and which may be related to the M2 internship subject.

80 hours of personal work spread over the first semester of M2. Several meetings to review the progress of the project will be scheduled with the expert supervisors and the scientific coordinators of the course.

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TD courses in English, for students in the Master 2 Physics program, aiming at professional insertion in English in a contemporary context.

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This module is an opportunity for students to discover the specificities of the working world and to prepare themselves to enter it under the best possible conditions, notably through sharing experiences with professional speakers. Students practice applying for a job in a methodical way, optimizing the analysis of the offer, the targeted writing of the CV and the cover letter, the preparation of the job interview (role plays, simulations).

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This course gives a general introduction to 1) the physics and mechanics of divided media and 2) their modeling through discrete methods (DEM). The multiscale character of a divided material is discussed from the microscopic scale (contact interactions), to the macroscopic scale (structure scale). A phenomenological description of the macroscopic behavior as well as the microscopic properties are discussed for static, quasi-static and flowing states of granular media. Micro-mechanical models and scaling approaches based on dimensionless analysis, averaged quantities, stress transmissions and anisotropies are introduced. The influence of particle properties and contact interactions on the microstructure is also discussed. Discrete Element Methods (DEM), regular (Molecular Dynamics) and non-regular (Contact Dynamics) numerical approaches are presented. In particular, the Contact Dynamics method will be implemented on simple examples through the LMGC90 computational code.

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This module aims to teach the operating principles of the main techniques for characterizing the structure (volume and surface) and properties (optical, electronic, ...) of condensed matter:

• X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
• optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
• local probe microscopies

  This module aims to teach the operating principles of the main techniques for characterizing the structure (volume and surface) and properties (optical, electronic, ...) of condensed matter:

  • X-ray and electron diffraction techniques
  • optical spectroscopy techniques (absorption, reflection, luminescence)
  • local probe microscopies

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This course provides an introduction to the field of complex fluids and active matter, with applications to both the physical chemistry of soft matter and the physics of life and biological objects.

It is common to both PhyMV and SoftMat courses.

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Carrying out a long-term research project (6 months) in an academic or industrial research laboratory.

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