M2 - Cosmos, Fields and Particles (CCP)

The course describes the various detectors and physical processes involved in particle detection in high-energy physics. We then describe the operation of the main particle gas pedals used in high-energy physics, as well as in many other fields such as medicine, industry, materials science, archaeology, etc.

The course gives a detailed description of the physical processes and experimental techniques involved in the detection of charged and neutral particles in detectors, which are the basis of all physical measurements.

A detailed description of the different types of radiation and particle-matter interactions will be given.

We will describe the systematics associated with these processes and their statistical processing.

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TD courses in English, for students in the Master 2 Physics program, who want to work in English in a contemporary context.

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This course covers the essentials needed to understand the physics of stellar atmospheres and winds. The essential elements of radiation transfer theory are covered, both at ETL (local thermodynamic equilibrium) and outside ETL, as well as the description of the gas (equation of state) and its interaction with the radiation field (opacities). Modern models and simulations are presented, along with their application to the determination of stellar parameters, in particular chemical composition, via spectroscopy. The different types of stellar wind (pressure, radiative, hybrid) are described by comparing theories with observations.

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During the Observational Astrophysics Workshop 2, students are required to carry out all the stages of an observational astrophysical study. From defining the spectroscopic or photometric observations to be made during a 4-night stay at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence, to the modeling and critical discussion of their measurements and the writing of a scientific report, students play an active role in this course.

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Interstellar medium: physico-chemical processes - phases - radio astronomy.

This course covers the physico-chemical processes that are important for the interstellar medium (dynamic, thermal and chemical processes), as well as the associated observational diagnostics (molecular spectroscopy, radio astronomy). The main phases of the interstellar medium (ionized, atomic and molecular phases) are also presented.

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This course offers a complete description of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. We'll start by studying the Dirac equation, a quantum description of the dynamics of a ½ spin particle. Then we'll see how to describe electromagnetic interactions with the theory of quantum electrodynamics. Then we'll tackle weak interactions and their unified description with the electromagnetic interaction through electroweak theory. Finally, we'll study the gauge theories and their spontaneous break-up to expose the complete theory of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. Finally, we give a brief overview of theories beyond the Standard Model.

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This course is an introduction to relativistic quantum field theory and its applications in particle physics. Using the example of a scalar field, the formalisms of canonical quantization and path integral quantization will be developed, before introducing perturbation theory and some notions of renormalization. The quantization of spin 1/2 and spin 1 fields will be discussed, ending with a discussion of quantum electrodynamics.

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This course is an introduction to the theoretical and phenomenological aspects of the Standard Model of Cosmology. It focuses on the inflationary hot Big-Bang model. It is based on the M1 course on general relativity and cosmology.

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Practical work involves the detection and measurement of cosmic rays (muons).

The aim is to familiarize students with an acquisition chain dedicated to measuring cosmic rays (mainly muons). Students will need to understand how the various components of the acquisition chain work together (power supplies, photomultipliers, scintillators, discriminators, oscilloscopes, etc.), and then build their own acquisition system using these components. One of the objectives of the device could be to determine the mass of the muon, but other purposes are possible and left to the imagination of the students.

The students will then have to take data from their device and analyze the data, taking into account the systematic and statistical errors in the data set.

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This course describes the theoretical and observational foundations of the cosmological dark matter problem. Cosmological dark matter manifests itself through gravitational effects at different astrophysical scales, from galactic to cosmological (the observable universe as a whole). It makes up around 85% of the total matter in the universe, and it is excluded that it is composed of the elementary particles that characterize known ordinary matter. The course will focus on potential solutions to this problem, connecting the infinitely small (elementary particles) to the infinitely large (large-scale universe).

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A 3 to 6-month laboratory internship (21 ECTS) designed to immerse you in the world of research and prepare you for your thesis. This internship can be carried out in a research laboratory in France or abroad. It runs from March¹ to May 31, when the written report is due. An oral defense takes place at the beginning of June. The internship can be extended to August 31, in order to go straight on to the thesis. Topics cover a wide spectrum, from theoretical physics (cosmology, particle physics and astroparticle physics) to experimental physics (LHC experiments, the search for gravitational waves or dark matter, large-field cosmological surveys, etc.).

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This course is an introduction to the acceleration, propagation and radiation mechanisms of energetic particles in astrophysical media. It will introduce the fundamental concepts.

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