M2 - Cosmos, Fields and Particles (CCP)

The course describes the different detectors and the physical processes involved in the detection of particles in high energy physics. In a second step, we will describe the operation of the main particle gas pedals that we find in high energy physics but also in many other fields such as medical, industry, material sciences, archaeology etc...

The course gives a detailed description of the physical processes and experimental techniques involved in the detection of charged and neutral particles in detectors, which are the basis of all physical measurements.

A detailed description of the different radiations and particle-matter interactions will be given.

We will focus on describing the systematics associated with these processes and their statistical treatment.

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TD courses in English, for students in the Master 2 Physics program, aiming at professional insertion in English in a contemporary context.

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This course covers the basics necessary for a good understanding of the physics of atmospheres and stellar winds. The essential elements of radiation transfer theory are covered, both at ETL (local thermodynamic equilibrium) and outside ETL, as well as the description of the gas (equation of state) and its interaction with the radiation field (opacities). Modern models and simulations are presented with their application to the determination of stellar parameters, in particular the chemical composition, via spectroscopy. The different types of stellar winds (pressure, radiative, hybrid) are described via theories compared to observations.

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During the UE Observational Astrophysics Workshop 2, the students must carry out all the steps of an observational astrophysical study. From the definition of the spectroscopic or photometric observations to be carried out during a 4-night stay at the Haute-Provence Observatory, to the modeling and critical discussion of their measurements and the writing of a scientific report, the students are actors of this teaching.

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Interstellar medium: physicochemical processes - phases - radio astronomy.

This UE allows to acquire notions on the physico-chemical processes important for the interstellar medium (dynamic, thermal and chemical processes) as well as on the associated observational diagnostics (molecular spectroscopy, radioastronomy). The main phases of the interstellar medium (ionized, atomic and molecular phases) are also presented.

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This course provides a comprehensive description of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. We will start by studying the Dirac equation, a quantum description of the dynamics of a particle of spin ½. Then we will see how to describe the electromagnetic interactions with the theory of quantum electrodynamics. Then we will discuss the weak interactions and their unified description with the electromagnetic interaction by the electroweak theory. Finally we will study the gauge theories and their spontaneous breaking to expose the complete theory of the Standard Model of Particle Physics. To conclude we will give a brief overview of theories beyond the Standard Model.

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This course is an introduction to the quantum theory of relativistic fields and its applications in particle physics. Using the example of a scalar field, the formalisms of canonical quantization and path integral quantization will be developed before introducing perturbation theory and some notions of renormalization. We will discuss the quantization of spin 1/2 and spin 1 fields and end with a discussion of quantum electrodynamics.

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This course is an introduction to the standard model of cosmology in its theoretical and phenomenological aspects. It focuses on the hot inflationary Big-Bang model. It is based on the course of general relativity and cosmology of M1.

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The practical work concerns the detection and measurement of cosmic rays (muons).

The aim is to become familiar with an acquisition chain dedicated to the measurement of cosmic rays (mainly muons). The students will have to understand the individual functioning of the different elements involved in the acquisition chain (power supplies, photomultipliers, scintillators, discriminators, oscilloscopes...) and then realize by themselves an acquisition device from these elements. One of the objectives of the device could be the determination of the mass of the muon but other purposes are possible and left to the imagination of the students.

The students will then have to take data from their device and analyze the data, taking into account the systematic and statistical errors of the data set.

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This course describes the theoretical and observational foundations of the so-called cosmological dark matter problem. The latter manifests itself through gravitational effects at different astrophysical scales, from the scale of galaxies to cosmological scales (the observable universe as a whole). It constitutes about 85% of the total matter in the universe, and it is excluded that it is composed of the elementary particles characterizing the known ordinary matter. The course will focus on potential solutions to this problem connecting the infinitely small (elementary particles) to the infinitely large (large scale universe).

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A 3 to 6 month internship (21 ECTS) in a laboratory with the aim of immersing students in the world of research and preparing them for the thesis. This internship can be carried out in a research laboratory in France or abroad. It takes place from March^1st to May 31st, the date of the written report. An oral defense takes place at the beginning of June. The internship can be extended until August 31 in order to go directly to the thesis. The topics cover a wide spectrum from theoretical physics (cosmology, particle and astroparticle physics) to experimental physics (LHC experiments, search for gravitational waves or dark matter, large field cosmological surveys...).

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This course is an introduction to the acceleration, propagation and radiation mechanisms of energetic particles in astrophysical media. It will give the fundamental concepts.

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