M2 - Astrophysics-CCP

This course will cover the broad outlines of star and planetary system formation in two parts of equal length. Star formation will deal with the stability of equilibrium and stable clouds, the collapse of dense cores, protostars and their evolution, and the impact of young stars on their environment. Planetary formation will use solar system constraints and extrasolar planet detections to address the structure and evolution of protoplanetary disks, and the formation of telluric and giant planets.

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TD courses in English, for students in the Master 2 Physics program, aiming at professional insertion in English in a contemporary context.

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This course covers the basics necessary for a good understanding of the physics of atmospheres and stellar winds. The essential elements of radiation transfer theory are covered, both at ETL (local thermodynamic equilibrium) and outside ETL, as well as the description of the gas (equation of state) and its interaction with the radiation field (opacities). Modern models and simulations are presented with their application to the determination of stellar parameters, in particular the chemical composition, via spectroscopy. The different types of stellar winds (pressure, radiative, hybrid) are described via theories compared to observations.

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During the UE Observational Astrophysics Workshop 2, the students must carry out all the steps of an observational astrophysical study. From the definition of the spectroscopic or photometric observations to be carried out during a 4-night stay at the Haute-Provence Observatory, to the modeling and critical discussion of their measurements and the writing of a scientific report, the students are actors of this teaching.

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The objective is to present the various observations and associated theoretical concepts - called cosmological probes - that have allowed the accreditation of the so-called "concordance" ΛCDM cosmological model. The EU is divided into chapters of roughly equal size. It is complemented by a series of seminars presented by the students (flipped classroom) and deepening more observational and technical aspects (based on a publication of a large collaboration).

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Interstellar medium: physicochemical processes - phases - radio astronomy.

This UE allows to acquire notions on the physico-chemical processes important for the interstellar medium (dynamic, thermal and chemical processes) as well as on the associated observational diagnostics (molecular spectroscopy, radioastronomy). The main phases of the interstellar medium (ionized, atomic and molecular phases) are also presented.

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This course lays the foundations of our knowledge of the formation and evolution of galaxies, from the astrophysical processes at play at small scales concerning star formation to the environmental effects at very large scales. A double approach will be used, with on the one hand theoretical aspects and on the other hand observational aspects.

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A large part of our understanding of the Universe relies on the understanding and accurate modeling of stars. Stars constitute a very important part of the integrated light of galaxies, they are major contributors to the chemical and dynamical evolution of galaxies. In this course, we will discuss the physics describing the stellar structure and we will study how this structure evolves over time in the case of isolated stars.

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4-month internship in a laboratory with the aim of immersing students in the world of research and preparing them for their thesis.

This internship can be done in a research laboratory in France or abroad.

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This course introduces the instruments of astrophysics and the signal processing tools associated with their operation.

The focus is on high angular resolution and high contrast instruments (interferometry, adaptive optics, coronography,...).

In addition, this course introduces the basics of digital signal processing and presents a general methodology, based on a modeling of instrumental effects, for image reconstruction or optimal exploitation of measurements.

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Astrophysics research is based on various approaches (observations, theory, modeling, simulation) which all have in common the use of advanced numerical tools.

In order to prepare M2 Astrophysics students for a research activity, this module proposes to them, in a different framework from the internship, to carry out an individual digital work on a project proposed by a tutor concerning the use and/or the development of a professional level code to answer a precise astrophysical question.

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