Membrane Engineering for Sustainable Development - Membrane Materials

This module will be divided into three parts:

- General introduction: main classes of materials, relationship between properties and structure of materials

- Construction and interpretation of phase diagrams: binary (e.g., for metallic and ceramic alloys)

- Construction and interpretation of ternary phase diagrams: variance, ternary eutectic definitions, first- and second-order peritectics, isothermal section, study of alloy cooling.

Hourly volumes*:

CM: 5:00 p.m.

TD: 8:00 a.m.

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Membrane materials are typically divided into two categories: polymer membranes and inorganic (or ceramic) membranes. Each of these categories will be covered in this course unit. The first part will focus on the design of polymer membranes. In this section, we will primarily discuss phase inversion preparation techniques (NIPS, VIPS, TIPS), with an overview of research and innovation (SNIPS, aquaporins, etc.). In addition, we will describe additives (particularly pore-forming agents and hydrophilizing agents), which play an important role in phase inversion approaches, and we will present the various methods for chemically modifying membranes after synthesis. The second part will be devoted to the design of inorganic membranes. In this section, we will present, on the one hand, wet processes—namely the main methods for depositing liquid films (dip-coating, spin-coating, spraying, tape-casting, screen printing) and deposition from solutions (electrolytic or chemical processes) or suspensions (electrophoresis, Langmuir-Blodgett), and, second, dry processes (PVD techniques [evaporation and sputtering], CVD techniques [thermal, PECVD, and ALD], MBE, and surface treatment). Finally, to illustrate these two families of membranes, we will discuss case studies on membrane applications, particularly in the field of packaging.

Hourly volumes*:

            CM: 11:00 a.m.

            TD: 9 a.m.

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This course unit will cover the main conventional membrane technologies in liquid and gas media. With regard to liquid media, the focus will be on baromembrane technologies such as microfiltration, ultrafiltration, nanofiltration, and reverse osmosis, as well as those based on electrochemical potential gradients (electrodeionization) or temperature gradients (membrane distillation). In addition, gas permeation and pervaporation for the separation of gases and/or vapors will also be presented. For all technologies, the issue of selecting suitable membrane materials will be addressed, and representative examples of appropriate applications (related to current environmental and energy challenges) will be provided.

Hourly volumes*:

            CM: 11:00 a.m.

            TD: 9 a.m.

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