Bio-MV Profile

Second-year mathematics program, taught at Lycée Joffre:

# Linear algebra refresher and Euclidean geometry supplements

# Advanced Probabilities

# Additional analysis of functions of a variable

# Functions of several variables

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General knowledge (epistemology and philosophy):

# history of ideas

# epistemology of science and digital technology

#argumentation and communication

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Introduction to the use of data mining methods:

# Motivations, areas of application

# Data mining tasks (classification, estimation, prediction, etc.)

# Data processing (pre/post-processing)

# Supervised learning (Bayesian method, k-nearest neighbors, neural networks, etc.)

# Unsupervised learning (k-means)

# Evaluation of methods

# Data mining software (R, Scikit, Weka, etc.)

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The Physiology of Major Functions course in semester 4 of the CPES program aims to complement the course devoted to studying the role and interactions of the various systems in the body that work together to maintain a constant internal environment. This course consists of practical work and tutorials.

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This course continues the training of students in applied mathematics, particularly the use of statistical tools:

# Concepts of populations and random samples.

# Estimators.

Mean square error and bias-variance decomposition.

# Hypothesis testing: null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis. Type I and Type II errors. Power of a test. Test statistic, rejection region. Examples of classical tests.

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The objective of this EU is to understand evolutionary processes at both the micro- and macro-evolutionary scales.

Using examples, manipulations, and accessible modeling, the lessons will aim to present in a concrete and quantitative manner the effects of the four evolutionary forces operating at the individual and population levels (mutation, migration, selection, and drift). The integration of these microevolutionary processes on larger time scales (e.g., differentiation between lineages, speciation) will then be addressed. Finally, the course will include an introduction to phylogenetics tools (reading and constructing trees) for studying macroevolutionary events (diversification, extinction) and tracing changes in character states, in particular by integrating fossil data.

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- Physiology of major functions: anatomy and functions of the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, and digestive systems.

- Cellular and molecular biology 3: cytoskeletal function, cell adhesion, protein trafficking and study methods, cell cycle regulation, immunoprecipitation, fluorescence videomicroscopy, RNA interference, overexpression, gene expression regulation: transcriptional regulation (repressor, activator) and attenuation in prokaryotes, mechanisms of expression regulation in eukaryotes.

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The 10th grade computer science course taught at the high school focuses on advanced concepts in algorithms and programming:

# Tree data structures: binary trees, heaps, ABRs, priority queues

# Sort by pile, lower bound on sort

# Graph structure: representations (adjacency matrices, edge lists, neighbor lists)

# Basic algorithms (connectivity, depth-first and breadth-first search, topological sorting)

# Distance calculation (Dijkstra, implementation with heap)

# Introduction to object-oriented programming (encapsulation, late binding, classes, methods, etc.)

# Programming in Python

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This modern language course focuses on written and oral English, with particular emphasis on oral expression.

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This compulsory course will enable students to deepen the skills they acquired in "Biochemistry S3." It will enable them to understand cellular metabolism by:

-understanding bioenergetics in order to study the processes by which living cells convey, transmit, use, accumulate, and release energy;
-the study of catabolism and anabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, nucleotides, amino acids, and the metabolic interactions between these pathways.

- the description of metabolic disorders.

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In this introductory course to genetic analysis, the objectives are to learn the terms, principles, concepts, and methods used in formal genetics, as well as their fields of application, particularly in human and medical genetics. This course covers the genetics of transmission (Mendelian and non-Mendelian), quantitative genetics, and concepts of population genetics. Throughout the course, close links are established between classical genetics and molecular genetics.

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This course aims to broaden the knowledge acquired previously to different areas of microbiology, particularly microbial ecology.

It will address pathogenic relationships, but will also present examples of symbiotic associations. It will discuss the applications of microorganisms in biotechnology. It will describe how antibiotics work and the associated resistance phenomena, as well as their impact.

The EU will address the concept of viral ecology by presenting the place and role of viruses in ecosystems. The case of bacteriophages will be addressed more specifically, and the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to phage infection will be detailed. The different types of viral infection in animals will be presented (acute and persistent infections) and illustrated through the study of the pathogenesis of selected viral infections.

Knowledge about microorganisms will be expanded through the study of Archaea and a model eukaryotic organism, yeast.

The practical work will focus on performing and interpreting an antibiogram, and on titrating bacteriophages.

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This course, similar in spirit to the first-year project, is an introduction to the research process, more advanced than in the first year: it includes immersion in a research laboratory, a bibliographic study, and the completion of a project involving the study of a biological context, the acquisition of experimental or observational data, and the implementation of a modeling and/or numerical simulation approach.

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