Earth, Water and Environmental Science - OuiSi

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This is a first approach to the integrative biology of organisms.

This course, entitled "From Cells to Organisms", covers structure-function relationships at different scales, from the cell (or molecule) to the organism in its environment.

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This UE is divided into 4 chapters and is designed to provide abasic overview of mathematical concepts.

• Reminders: fractions, developing, factoring, remarkable identities

• Chapter1 : Equations: 1st degree equations, systems of equations, 2nd degree equations

• Chapter 2 :Derivation: definition, examples, operations, Variations and representative curves of functions
• Chapter 3: Standard functions: Exponential function, Logarithm function, Trigonometric functions
• Chapter 4: Vector calculus and scalar product

   

   

   

  Hourly volumes:

  CM: 18

  TD : 18

   

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The primary aim of this teaching unit is to introduce students to scientific ecology in all its diversity. Particular attention is paid to the definition of scientific ecology, in relation to the meaning of the term "ecology" (political ecology or ecologism) in the media and for the general public. The place of the environment in the scientific study of ecology is also clarified. With the help of tutorials and practical exercises, three major themes in ecology are covered: paleoecology, functional ecology& evolutionary ecology. It is important to note that these themes are supported by a particularly active scientific community in Montpellier.

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This teaching unit is designed to provide a general context for understanding the Earth sciences and biology, while taking into account the fields of the Humanities and Social Sciences. Today's Earth is not detached from its past. To understand the impacts of environmental and climatic transformations on planet Earth, a diachronic (long time, change over time) and synchronic (spatial variations) approach is required.

Accordingly, this EU presents the history of the Earth through geological time. It discusses the structure, composition and processes of the Earth. Issues, concerns and problems related to natural hazards are also included. The lessons will also provide students with the necessary grounding to understand the societal issues surrounding climate and environmental questions. The spin-offs of this course are essential for the well-being of tomorrow's society, enabling us to train young citizens or future workers capable of analyzing, criticizing and thinking about past, present and future environmental and climate issues, and of participating in decision-making in societal debates on environmental risks. This course has therefore been designed by teacher-researchers from different scientific fields (Earth and Water Sciences, Ecology, Philosophy, Political Science), demonstrating that approaches ranging from the fundamental to the operational are necessary.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 36h

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This course is designed to make first-year students aware of the issues surrounding the use, exploitation and management of the Earth's natural resources.

By way of introduction, an overview will be given of the different types of resource (energy, mineral, water) and the major economic and environmental issues involved.

Different types of resources will then be presented in three stages:

- The notion of mineral resources will be explored in greater depth by presenting the itinerary of chemical elements, from their creation in the Universe to their storage in the minerals that make up rocks, and their use in the technologies employed in everyday life. This aspect will introduce basic notions of solid state chemistry and mineralogy, illustrated by mineralogy tutorials and practical exercises.

- The problems and functioning of geological reservoirs trapping natural resources will be addressed, focusing on conventional energy resources (hydrocarbons) and resources of the future (underground storage of resources, geothermal energy).

- Finally, the major challenges facing water resources worldwide will be explored in greater depth. The global water cycle on Earth will be presented, and the essential concepts needed to understand today's major issues will be identified (definitions of an aquifer and a hydrosystem and the main types encountered, chemical interactions between water and rocks and illustration of processes centered on the chemistry of mineral and thermal waters).

Hourly volumes:

CM:18

TD :12

TP:6

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The first year of university is a transitional stage when students have to make choices about their orientation: going for a basic or applied degree? Change discipline? Pursue a future master's degree, but which one? But it's also a tricky time when students can feel a little lost as they move from the high school system to the university one. This module, built around a number of presentations on careers in the geosciences, is an opportunity to improve student follow-up and to discuss their choices and possible orientations in small groups.

Hourly volumes :

CM: 4h

 TD: 5h

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This course introduces the concept and practical application of experimental studies in the earth sciences, from instrumental measurements in the field to quantitative analysis, modeling and interpretation of the data acquired. In practical terms, the course is structured around a physical measurement method, gravimetry, applied to terrestrial dynamics. Part of the experiments carried out in the field focus on the overall structure of the Earth (measurement of g and its vertical gradient to determine mass) and its dynamics (elastic deformation by tidal phenomena). A second part is dedicated to local imaging of the subsurface in relation to water resources (imaging and mass balance in relation to sub-surface water storage). A significant part of the course is devoted to measurement analysis and modeling.

Hourly volumes :

• CM : 12 h
• TD : 12 h
• Practical work: 6 h
• Field : 6 h

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1) Thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium (27h)

1.1 course (15h): basics of thermodynamics (concepts of energy and entropy), chemical potential and equilibrium; degree of advancement; equilibrium shift; applications to solution chemistry and phase transitions

 1.2 TD (13h):

Focus on the concept of energy, in order to clearly relate the different forms of energy; focus on the concept of entropy: link between micro and macroscopic states, notion of reversibility/irreversibility and equilibrium; focus on the notion of chemical potential: use of the law of mass action (equilibrium in solution and phase transition).    

2) Introduction to chemical kinetics (6h)

 2.1 the course (2h): link between thermodynamics and kinetics: theory of the Transition State/Activated Complex; Definition: velocity, order and velocity constant, half-life time; Cases of simple kinetics; Thermal activation: Arrhenius law

2.2 TD (4h): determining the order of a reaction; use of parameters

characteristics (_t1/2, k..); determination of an activation energy

3) Introduction to Radioactivity (3h)

3.1 the course (1.5h): history; structure of the nucleus, particles and forces involved; nuclear reactions: fusion/disintegration and radiation; isotopes and stability; natural radioactivity; DE=Dm.^c2

3.2 TD (1.5h): energy: chemical reaction/nuclear reaction comparison; decay time; ^C14 dating

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Origin and evolution of the planet ;

Geological scale and geochronology ;

Geographies, topographies and past environments ;

Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Atmosphere/Geosphere interactions,

Human evolution and anthropization ;

Natural resources (water, energy, mineral resources) and anthropization 

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The planetology UE focuses on the Solar System and its planets. Its position in the Universe is also addressed, introducing the notion of exoplanets (detection and habitability). The course is divided into 3 parts: astrophysics, geophysics and geochemistry. The astrophysics section begins with an overview of the Universe, then looks at the formation of the Solar System, its dynamics and evolution. The geophysics section deals with planetary interiors and their evolution, based on data from space missions. The geochemistry section looks at nucleosynthesis, the abundance of chemical elements and the composition of the primitive and present-day Earth and other planets, based on the study of meteorites. The approach developed combines theoretical and practical approaches.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 18h
• TD: 9h
• Practical work: 9h

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Chapter 1: Sequences: Arithmetic and geometric sequences. Calculating sums.

Chapter 2: Hyperbolic functions: definition, curves, derivatives

Chapter 3: Integral calculus: integrals, primitives, PPI, change of variables, first-order differential equations

Chapter 4: Curves and surfaces: straight line, plane, circle, parabola, cylindrical and spherical coordinates, lengths, surfaces, volumes of common solids

Hourly volumes :

• CM: 18
• TD : 18

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This course will cover a number of disciplines, providing a basic overview of the Biosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere, as well as their evolution since the planet's origin. The disciplines (and major themes) covered will be :

-Paleontology: Evolution, Biochronology and Geological Eras, Biodiversity and Past Crises.

-Climatology and Oceanology: How is climate studied? What is the role of the ocean and the terrestrial biosphere? Faced with today's global challenges, tools are being developed to better characterize the mechanisms of climate change and their impact on terrestrial and marine environments, from the past to the future, notably through the modification of biogeochemical cycles on a planetary scale. Environmental geochemistry will be a key method for characterizing both anthropogenic and natural footprints.

The main objectives are to understand how these envelopes interacted with the Geosphere in the past (covered in greater depth in the HAT102T geology course) and to be able to analyze a natural landscape today in terms of its evolution over geological time.

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This course introduces the concept and practical application of experimental studies in the earth sciences, from instrumental measurements in the field to quantitative analysis, modeling and interpretation of the data acquired. In practical terms, the course is structured around a physical measurement method, gravimetry, applied to terrestrial dynamics. Part of the experiments carried out in the field focus on the overall structure of the Earth (measurement of g and its vertical gradient to determine mass) and its dynamics (elastic deformation by tidal phenomena). A second part is dedicated to local imaging of the subsurface in relation to water resources (imaging and mass balance in relation to sub-surface water storage). A significant part of the course is devoted to measurement analysis and modeling.

Hourly volumes :

• CM : 12 h
• TD : 12 h
• Practical work: 6 h
• Field : 6 h

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In the lectures of this course, we describe each stage of the life cycle, starting with embryonic development (including organ development, cell differentiation and growth processes), through the acquisition of reproductive capacity (including the stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and ending with fertilization. This life cycle is covered in detail in metazoans and angiosperms, and will consolidate your knowledge of the transmission of genetic information. This will enable us to solve problems in Mendelian genetics, including sex and epistasis effects, during the tutorials in this course.

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1) Thermodynamics and chemical equilibrium (27h)

1.1 course (15h): basics of thermodynamics (concepts of energy and entropy), chemical potential and equilibrium; degree of advancement; equilibrium shift; applications to solution chemistry and phase transitions

 1.2 TD (13h):

Focus on the concept of energy, in order to clearly relate the different forms of energy; focus on the concept of entropy: link between micro and macroscopic states, notion of reversibility/irreversibility and equilibrium; focus on the notion of chemical potential: use of the law of mass action (equilibrium in solution and phase transition).    

2) Introduction to chemical kinetics (6h)

 2.1 the course (2h): link between thermodynamics and kinetics: theory of the Transition State/Activated Complex; Definition: velocity, order and velocity constant, half-life time; Cases of simple kinetics; Thermal activation: Arrhenius law

2.2 TD (4h): determining the order of a reaction; use of parameters

characteristics (_t1/2, k..); determination of an activation energy

3) Introduction to Radioactivity (3h)

3.1 the course (1.5h): history; structure of the nucleus, particles and forces involved; nuclear reactions: fusion/disintegration and radiation; isotopes and stability; natural radioactivity; DE=Dm.^c2

3.2 TD (1.5h): energy: chemical reaction/nuclear reaction comparison; decay time; ^C14 dating

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Origin and evolution of the planet ;

Geological scale and geochronology ;

Geographies, topographies and past environments ;

Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Atmosphere/Geosphere interactions,

Human evolution and anthropization ;

Natural resources (water, energy, mineral resources) and anthropization 

See full page

Chapter 1: Sequences: Arithmetic and geometric sequences. Calculating sums.

Chapter 2: Hyperbolic functions: definition, curves, derivatives

Chapter 3: Integral calculus: integrals, primitives, PPI, change of variables, first-order differential equations

Chapter 4: Curves and surfaces: straight line, plane, circle, parabola, cylindrical and spherical coordinates, lengths, surfaces, volumes of common solids

Hourly volumes :

• CM: 18
• TD : 18

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This course will cover a number of disciplines, providing a basic overview of the Biosphere, Hydrosphere and Atmosphere, as well as their evolution since the planet's origin. The disciplines (and major themes) covered will be :

-Paleontology: Evolution, Biochronology and Geological Eras, Biodiversity and Past Crises.

-Climatology and Oceanology: How is climate studied? What is the role of the ocean and the terrestrial biosphere? Faced with today's global challenges, tools are being developed to better characterize the mechanisms of climate change and their impact on terrestrial and marine environments, from the past to the future, notably through the modification of biogeochemical cycles on a planetary scale. Environmental geochemistry will be a key method for characterizing both anthropogenic and natural footprints.

The main objectives are to understand how these envelopes interacted with the Geosphere in the past (covered in greater depth in the HAT102T geology course) and to be able to analyze a natural landscape today in terms of its evolution over geological time.

See full page