Experimentation and Earth dynamics

The EU introduces the concept and practical application of experimental studies in Earth sciences, from instrumental measurement in the field to quantitative analysis, modeling, and interpretation of the data acquired. In practice, the EU focuses on a physical measurement method, gravimetry, applied to Earth dynamics. Some of the field experiments focus on the global structure of the Earth (measurement of g and its vertical gradient to determine mass) and its dynamics (elastic deformation due to tidal phenomena). A second part is dedicated to local subsurface imaging in relation to water resources (imaging and mass balance in relation to subsurface water storage). A significant part of the EU is devoted to the analysis and modeling of measurements.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 12 p.m.
• TD: 12 p.m.
• Practical work: 6 hours
• Field: 6 hours

Presentation and simple application of quantitative and explicit approaches in Earth and environmental sciences:

• Field measurements
• Numerical data analysis
• Principles of physics associated with Earth dynamics
• Introduction to Equations and Numerical Modeling

Recommended prerequisites: 

High school level mathematics and physics

Continuous assessment (tutorial reports, written exams)

Brief description of the concepts covered in CM:

• The experimental approach (1.5 hours)
• Introduction to data analysis: accuracy, uncertainty, resolution (1.5 hours)
• Physical principles and measurements in gravimetry (3 hours)
• Physical principles associated with Earth dynamics (physical characteristics of the Earth, tidal phenomena and associated deformations, hydrology, etc.) (3 hours) Physical principles associated with water storage and balance in terrestrial reservoirs (3 hours)

Brief description of tutorial sessions and number of hours associated with each session

• Mathematical relationships between the gradient of g and the mass of the Earth (1.5 hours)
• Calculation of the gravimetric effect of a water blade (1.5 hours)
• Data analysis – Solid Earth Experiment (4.5 hours)
• Data analysis - Water experiment (4.5 hours)

Brief descriptions of practical sessions and number of hours associated with each session

• Preparation for the Solid Earth Experiment (procedure, measuring device, model, etc.) (3 hours)
• Preparation for the Water Experiment (procedure, measuring device, model, etc.) (3 hours)

Description of the topics/activities covered during your field trip(s) and details of the destinations/sites

• The dynamics of the globe (solid Earth) = measurements of g and vertical gradient of g related to the Earth's structure (measurement dg/dz => mass of the Earth) and its dynamics (solid tides, elastic deformation, etc.) at the FdS experimental site (under construction). (3 hours)
• Subsurface imaging related to water resources = measurement of g and its temporal variations in relation to the water balance at the FdS experimental site (under construction). (3 hours)