ECTS
4 credits
Component
Faculty of Science
Description
The aim of the "From molecules to cells" course is to provide L1 students with the basic notions of biology that will be necessary to follow the biochemistry, cell biology, molecular biology, virology and microbiology courses of the following semesters. The structure of biomolecules (nucleic acids, proteins, lipids and sugars) and the structural organization of the cell will be detailed with a view to understanding the origin of life and the organization of viruses, prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Objectives
Knowledge:
- General concepts of biological macromolecules and lipids. Definition of polymer chains. Classification and roles of biological polymer chains (proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides). Introduction to the concepts of flexibility, folding and structuring of biological macromolecules. Notions of intra- and inter-molecular physicochemical interactions. Role of the aqueous medium (hydrophobic effect) in the structuring and recognition phenomena between molecular partners. Basic concepts concerning the (bio)synthesis and stability of biological macromolecules.
- Knowing how to define the living
- To know the properties of living organisms and the origins of life
- Know the general organization of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Knowing the structure of viruses
- Know the structure and properties of biological membranes
- Have a basic knowledge of bacteriology (structure of bacteria)
- Know the different proteins of the cytoskeleton, their arrangement and their functions
- Have notions of adhesion (cell junctions and extracellular matrices)
- To know the structure of organelles and their main functions
- Have notions of the size and scale of living things
- Understand the principle of photonic and electron microscopy
Know-how :
- Mobilize the basic notions of biology and microscopy to deal with a simple problem in the field or to analyze a micrograph.
- Know how to use a photonic microscope
- Follow an experimental protocol
- Perform a simple cyto/histological preparation
- Perform a simple cyto/histological stain
- Perform a Gram stain
- To represent a microscopic observation in the form of a captioned drawing, respecting the size proportions of the various cellular elements
- Make height measurements using magnification or a scale bar
- Make a scale on a drawing or a micrograph
- Write a report on the laboratory (including objective, protocol, captioned drawings, comments and conclusion)
- Differentiate between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
- To recognize an animal cell and a plant cell
- Synthesize knowledge for use in writing
Know how to be :
- Work independently or in a team
- Write a report within a time limit
- Respect the rules of hygiene and safety of a laboratory
Necessary pre-requisites
Recommended prerequisites*:
Knowledge of biology (science final year) is recommended.
Knowledge control
Test |
Coefficient |
Nb of hours |
Nb Sessions |
Organization (SDS or local) |
Written |
50 % |
2h |
2 |
MSDS |
Continuous control |
30% |
|
1 |
local |
TP |
20% |
|
1 |
local |
Additional information
Hourly volumes* :
CM : 19.5h
TD : 9h
TP : 6h
Terrain:
Person in charge*: Simon Descamps, Nelly Godefroy, Anne-Sophie Gosselin and Jehan-Hervé Lignot