M1 - Geological hazards - Observations, Measurements, Modelling

The "Introduction to risks and vulnerability" course aims to take a systemic approach to the problems of risks and natural disasters - from the nature of hazards to risk and crisis management - using the concepts and methods of geography. Teaching is organized around :

• Lectures aimed at laying the conceptual and theoretical foundations for geographical approaches (focusing on issues and vulnerabilities), as well as outlining the public policy framework for risk and crisis management in France.
• Case studies demonstrating the application of concepts and methods developed in risk geography. Methods applied to field observations and surveys (tools, techniques and associated objectives).

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The aim of this module is to provide a basic understanding of geophysical imaging of geological formations, both near-surface and on a lithospheric scale. The focus is on seismic methods (volume and surface wave tomography, receiver functions, ambient noise), gravimetry and magnetotellurics. We will also present the basics of seismic reflection (acquisition and processing). A practical case study will highlight the importance of combining these methods to provide the best possible description of the environment and its properties, particularly in terms of fluids.

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This module aims to provide a basic understanding of the principles of topographic positioning and mapping. Basic knowledge of GNSS and laser positioning methods is covered in detail in lectures, followed by fieldwork and practical exercises. Finally, project work will enable students to apply the practical and theoretical knowledge acquired at the start of the module, and above all to gain a better understanding of the complementarity and accuracy of geodesy measurements.

Course content:
- Introduction from ground geodesy to space geodesy
- Geodesy reference frames
- Traditional ground geodesy tools
- The GNSS positioning system
- Geodesy applications (active tectonics, landslides, anthropogenic deformation, etc.)
- Measuring topography (DTM, LIDAR, etc.)

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