M1 - Geological Hazards - Observations, Measurements, Modeling

The "Introduction to risks and vulnerability" course aims to take a systemic approach to the problems of risks and natural disasters - from the nature of hazards to risk and crisis management - through the concepts and methods of geography. The organization of the courses will be based on :

• Lectures with the objective of laying the conceptual and theoretical foundations of geographic approaches (issues and vulnerabilities centered) but also to expose the framework of public policies for risk and crisis management in France
• Case studies demonstrating the application of concepts and methods developed in risk geography. Methods applied to field observations and surveys (tools, techniques and associated objectives).

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This module aims to provide the basics of geophysical imaging of geological formations, both near-surface and lithospheric. We will focus on seismic methods (volume and surface wave tomography, receiver functions, ambient noise), gravimetry and magnetotellurics. We will also present the basics of seismic reflection (acquisition and processing). A case study seen during the lab will highlight the importance of combining these methods to best describe the environment and its properties, particularly in terms of fluids.

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This module aims to provide the basics of the principles of positioning and mapping of topography. The basic knowledge of GNSS and laser positioning methods are detailed in the course and then used in the field and during practical work. Finally, a project work will allow students to implement the practical and theoretical knowledge seen at the beginning of the module and especially to better understand the complementarity and accuracy of geodesy measurements.

Course content:
- Introduction from ground geodesy to space geodesy
- Geodesy reference frames
- Traditional ground geodesy tools
- The GNSS positioning system
- Geodesy applications (active tectonics, landslides, anthropic deformation...)
- Topography measurement (DTM, LIDAR, ...)

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