Option 2

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"All instruction is conducted in English.

The courses cover four aspects of conservation biology, drawing on current scientific research in this field:

1. Introduction to Biodiversity Conservation (BC): Definition of Conservation Biology. Why conserve biodiversity? Who are the key players in BC, and what is the role of science in BC?

2. Species conservation: Which species are priorities? How can we conserve species? How do we know if a species is “well conserved”?

3. Conservation of Areas: Which areas are priorities? How can we conserve these areas?

4. Does conservation work? The importance of social acceptance and political commitment. The need for biodiversity indicators and for measuring the impact of conservation.

Students also complete a group project in which they present a BC proposal, addressing the following questions: why, what, where, how, how much it costs, and how to determine if it is effective."

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The module aims to provide theoretical and practical knowledge of statistical analyses of spatial and temporal constraints: classification and ordination under constraints, "two-table ordination methods and statistical tests: canonical analyses (AFD, CCA, RDA, CAP)," "statistical tests on distance matrices, and matrix comparisons (PERMANOVA, Mantel, Procrustes)."

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The goal of this resolutely transdisciplinary course is to provide the skills necessary for the effective management and meaningful use of data from various sources and of various types, particularly data with a spatial component. The course consists of three complementary, sequential modules. The first addresses the challenges inherent in data compilation and the solutions provided by database management systems (DBMS): from database design to queries. The second focuses on geographic information systems (GIS): from cartographic representation to geoprocessing. Finally, the third area presents the diversity of spatial analysis tools that enable the quantitative exploitation of spatial data, whether through metrics or statistical tests.

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