Thermodynamics 2

This module complements and formalizes the concepts of thermodynamics introduced in the Thermodynamics 1 course, exploring several aspects in greater depth: thermodynamic potentials defined using Legendre transformations, thermodynamics of open systems, phase transitions of pure substances and irreversible processes, with forays into the microscopic level to provide an overview of the physical foundations of the theory.

• Use differential forms and their properties in the context of thermodynamics.
• Perform the energy balance and entropy balance of a composite thermodynamic system.
• Predict the macroscopic properties of simple physical models (e.g., ideal gas, real gases, harmonic solids).
• Apply methods for solving ordinary differential equations to thermodynamics problems (e.g., pressure in a compressible fluid).
• Perform an energy and entropy balance for an open system
• Integrate a diffusion equation in simple cases.
• Establish the link between the macroscopic and microscopic description of a system

• EU Thermodynamics 1:
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• Concepts of Newtonian dynamics
  • Conservative forces
  • Kinetic and potential energy
  • Harmonic oscillators
• Math
  
  
  • Derivatives, integrals, limited developments 
  • Differential forms

Terminal Control

• Thermodynamics at equilibrium
  • Reminders: Thermodynamic systems. State variables and functions: equations of state, intensity, extensivity, additivity. Concept of equilibrium and local equilibrium. Thermodynamic transformations: quasi-static vs. reversible. Work and heat and their basic expressions. Internal energy.
  • Axiomatic presentation: First law: statement and consequences, link with calorimetry. Dulong and Petit's law. Second law: statement and consequences. Fundamental equation and equations of state. Thermal equilibrium. Third law.
  • Thermodynamic potentials: Helmholtz potential (free energy) and Gibbs potential (free enthalpy) and applications. Enthalpy. Concepts related to Legendre transformations. Review of phase diagrams. Clausius-Clapeyron equation and applications.
  • Thermodynamics of open systems: Expression of the first and second laws for open systems. Chemical potential. Application to chemical transformations.
  • Phase transitions: concavity and convexity of thermodynamic potentials. Response functions. Applications. Phase transitions: first-order transitions and continuous transitions.
  • Transport phenomena: Thermodynamic forces. Local energy and entropy balance. Diffusion equation. Coupling of irreversible phenomena: application to thermoelectric effects.
• Microscopic aspects
  • Internal energy: conservation and equipartition of energy
  • Pressure and temperature: elements of kinetic theory of gases
  • Entropy: microscopic interpretation, microstates, and macrostates