Wave propagation

General overview of wave phenomena through acoustic, electromagnetic, and microwave waves.

• Understanding wave concepts and the physical phenomena that govern them
• Knowing how to manipulate waves, concepts of propagating/stationary waves
• Establish wave propagation equations, whether acoustic, electromagnetic, or microwave, and solve these equations.
• Understand the concepts of impedance and impedance matching
• Understanding the phenomena of reflection, transmission, and attenuation
• Discover the concepts of propagation in energy potentials and their resolution (Schrödinger equation)
• Understanding practical applications of acoustic, electromagnetic, and microwave waves

Required prerequisites:

Electrostatics and magnetostatics, electric and magnetic fields

Basic geometric optics

Mathematical concepts: complex numbers, Fourier transform, etc.

Recommended prerequisites:

Electrostatics and magnetostatics, electric and magnetic fields

Basic geometric optics

Mathematical concepts: complex numbers, Fourier transform, etc.

final exam 70% + 30% practical work

Acoustic waves. 12 hours of lectures, 10.5 hours of tutorials

1. Introduction: General information on wave phenomena
2. Acoustic waves / Sound waves; Plane waves, progressive/standing waves
3. Wave propagation in a one-dimensional medium, pressure wave propagation equation, waves on a string.
4. Reflection and transmission phenomena: Impedance
5. Properties of acoustic waves and related applications (ultrasonography, sonar, etc.).
6. Doppler effect and applications in velocimetry.
7. Examples of applications of wave-matter interaction in the medical field

Microwave waves. Lectures 12 hours. Tutorials 6 hours, practicals 9 hours.

1. Introduction
2. Microwaves in the electromagnetic spectrum
3. The electromagnetic spectrum
4. Characteristic properties of microwaves
5. Reminders (mathematics, electricity, power, dB)
6. Spatial localization of energy
7. Energy transmission via idealized line
8. The T.E.M. electromagnetic wave guided by a line
9. Voltage wave and current wave
10. Characteristic resistance of the line
11. Reflection phenomenon at the end of the line
12. Reflection factor
13. Voltage evolution at the ends of a line
14. Table method
15. Transmission lines under harmonic conditions
16. Linear parameters
17. Line equation (telegraphers' equation)
18. Resolution in the case of negligible losses (radio engineers' equation)
19. General solution in harmonic regime
20. Characteristic impedance, phase and attenuation constants
21. Study of lossless transmission lines
22. Propagation of undamped sinusoidal waves
23. Distribution of voltage and current along the line
24. Impedance at each point along the line
25. Reflection factor and impedance
26. Standing wave ratio
27. Maximum and minimum value positions
28. Standing wave ratio 

Wave physics. Lectures 9 hours, tutorials 9 hours

1. Wave-Particle Duality

            1.1 Classical physics in the 19th century

            1.2 Towards mechanics

            1.3 Wave-Particle Duality

2. Schrödinger equation for the free particle

            2.1 Schrödinger equation

            2.2 Postulates of quantum mechanics

            2.3 Spatial equation by separation of variables

            2.4 Operators in quantum mechanics

            2.5 Boundary conditions

            2.6 Typical approach

3. Diffusion by a potential in space

            3.1 Finite potential well

            3.2 Potential walk

            3.3 Potential barrier