Choice HAV217V + HAV216X

The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course follows on from the S1 "From Molecules to Cells" course, which laid the structural foundations of living organisms. In this course, students will be introduced to the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements and bioenergetics.

This UE will be supplemented by UE HAV204V for L1 SVSE students.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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This compulsory course is aimed at all students in the SV License. It introduces the main tools of discrete probability which are useful to the biologist in understanding random phenomena involving counting variables. The course is set at a level accessible to students with only the basics of probability calculus covered in the second year of high school. The course focuses on concrete examples, leading on to modeling. 

• A preliminary section introduces the notion of sets, operations on sets and the simple formalization of propositions.
• The second part introduces the vocabulary of probability and covers elementary probability calculations (tables, trees) and conditional probabilities. The examples are based on real-life situations: calculating probabilities in a population stratified by age or gender, diagnostic tests (sensitivity/specificity), etc.
• The third part is devoted to the presentation of the main discrete law models: binomial, geometric, poisson and their applications. The notion of independent variables is presented in a heuristic way, the aim being to provide tools for calculating the expectation and variance of the sum of random variables.
• A few numerical simulations can be presented to illustrate the notion of fluctuation of a random variable or the convergence of the binomial distribution to the normal distribution or the poisson distribution.

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In the lectures of this course, we describe each stage of the life cycle, starting with embryonic development (including organ development, cell differentiation and growth processes), through the acquisition of reproductive capacity (including the stages associated with meiosis and gametogenesis), and ending with fertilization. This life cycle is covered in detail in metazoans and angiosperms, and will consolidate your knowledge of the transmission of genetic information. This will enable us to solve problems in Mendelian genetics, including sex and epistasis effects, during the tutorials in this course.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds which, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundations for the basic concepts required by students pursuing scientific courses, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry and health studies.

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This course is based on themes involving a biological problem, for which it is essential to carry out calculations and understand or draw graphical representations (mainly curves). Motivated by these biological aspects, students are expected to acquire a minimum level of knowledge that will enable them to continue their studies in biology.

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This course, compulsory for all L1 students, will introduce the basics of epistemology and the scientific approach, as well as the tools needed to analyze controversies surrounding the sciences and alternative modalities. The scientific investigation of so-called paranormal phenomena, pseudoscience, pseudo-medicine, psychological aberrations, sectarian alienation, etc. will be covered, to make students aware of our cognitive biases and the rhetorical manipulations that can use them to convince or deceive. The ultimate aim of this course is to enable everyone to make informed choices, to research and sort information, and to protect themselves against techniques of influence and manipulation.

This course will be based on lectures and the viewing of various resources available on the Internet. You will be required to complete an entire course on Moodle and in class, which will then be assessed by MCQs.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 2" course complements the "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course, which takes place in parallel. In this course, students will put into practice and deepen the theoretical knowledge acquired in "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1".

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The aim of this teaching unit is to provide students with the latest knowledge in cognitive neuroscience, so that they can make better use of their brain resources to learn, reflect, be critical of information and themselves, and solve problems more efficiently. The aim is to explain certain brain mechanisms involved in learning, so that students can take a closer look at the way they work, and help them choose more effective cognitive strategies from among those on offer. The UE also offers students ways to become better scientists, by avoiding cognitive biases in favor of a rigorous, innovative and creative scientific approach. Workshops and lectures will be offered in this respect in the TD. Portraits of great and inspiring scientists will also illustrate how science moves forward.

 Finally, as we are aware that multiplying sensory input channels stabilizes the memory trace, we offer part of our teaching in the form of forum theater for those who wish to do so. This lively formula enables students who wish to get involved in the game to be proactive in changing their learner profile, transforming them into actors both on stage and in life. For those who are not inclined to put themselves on stage, there is no obligation. Simply observing the play of others is a powerful awareness of unconscious mechanisms that are not at the service of their learning, and enables them to actively integrate the resources proposed to them.

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