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After a reminder of classical mechanics, we'll look at the fundamental quantities of thermodynamics: elementary and macroscopic work...
The heat/temperature distinction will be explained at length.
The notion of pressure will be explained macroscopically, but with a microscopic interpretation.
Then, with a historical approach, we'll show how Principles 1 and 2 came to be formulated.

From there, applications will be seen: cycles, perfect/real gas....

Thanks to the introduction of changes of state, examples (critical point) will be shown.
We will finish with thermics: essentially diffusion. Depending on the time available, we'll also cover radiation.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds which, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundations for the basic concepts required by students pursuing scientific courses, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry and health studies.

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This module is an introduction to the use of Python for science students. It covers the basics of algorithms and the Python language, but the approach is primarily geared towards use in the sciences. Examples are given of problems related to other first-year subjects.

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The planetology UE focuses on the Solar System and its planets. Its position in the Universe is also addressed, introducing the notion of exoplanets (detection and habitability). The course is divided into 3 parts: astrophysics, geophysics and geochemistry. The astrophysics section begins with an overview of the Universe, then looks at the formation of the Solar System, its dynamics and evolution. The geophysics section deals with planetary interiors and their evolution, based on data from space missions. The geochemistry section looks at nucleosynthesis, the abundance of chemical elements and the composition of the primitive and present-day Earth and other planets, based on the study of meteorites. The approach developed combines theoretical and practical approaches.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 18h
• TD: 9h
• Practical work: 9h

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This optional course enables students to prepare for the animal physiology courses of the next 2 semesters, by approaching this discipline exclusively through the analysis of the historical experiments that laid the foundations for this subject. In class, historical experiments on digestion, ventilation, cardiac activity, reproduction and development are analyzed. In TD, experiments are analyzed on nutrition, metabolism, respiratory gas exchange, vessels, blood pressure, kidneys, growth, nervous and hormonal communication and immunity.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course follows on from the S1 "From Molecules to Cells" course, which laid the structural foundations of living organisms. In this course, students will be introduced to the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements and bioenergetics.

This UE will be supplemented by UE HAV204V for L1 SVSE students.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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 The brain is at the heart of human behavior. It is the body's control tower. It continuously receives a flow of information from both the external environment and the body. This information must be processed and analyzed rapidly, in order to propose an appropriate response. All these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological mechanisms.

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This course is designed for first-year PCSI students. It provides an introduction to linear algebra and the resolution of linear differential systems (matrix calculus, resolution of linear systems, eigenvalues and diagonalization, resolution of linear differential systems).

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