L1 - PCSI-KINE

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This module focuses on an approach to experimental techniques in chemistry. A first part will be devoted to the presentation of the rules of hygiene and safety in the chemistry laboratory. Each lab session will be preceded by a preparatory lab session. At the end of each lab session, the student will have to write a laboratory notebook/report (analysis, exploitation of results...).

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- Definition of an acid-base reaction.

- Acidity constant.

- Predominance diagram.

- Common examples of acids and bases: name, formula and nature - weak or strong - of sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic acids, soda, potash, hydrogen carbonate ion, ammonia.

- Buffer solutions.

- Temporal evolution of a chemical system and reaction mechanisms in a closed reactor of uniform composition. Rates of disappearance of a reactant and formation of a product. Rate of reaction for a transformation modeled by a single chemical reaction.

- Speed laws: reactions without order, reactions with simple order (0, 1, 2), global order, order

apparent.

- Half-reaction time. Half-life of a radioactive nuclide. Documentary approach: using documents on radionuclides, address, for example, the problems related to their use, storage or reprocessing.

- Empirical Arrhenius law; activation energy.

- Reaction mechanisms. Elementary acts, molecularity, reaction intermediate, transition state. Kinetically determining step, quasi-steady state approximation (QSSA).

Numerical approach: use the results of a numerical method to highlight the approximations of the kinetically determining step or the quasi-stationary state.

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The main objective of this course is to teach you to pose and solve simple physics problems. The areas of application are material point mechanics and geometric optics.

Mechanics of the material point :

• Static of forces: studies of mechanical systems in equilibrium.
• Kinematics: study of the movement of bodies independently of the causes that generate them.
• Dynamics: links between the causes of movement and the movement itself.
• Work and energy: work of forces (conservative and non-conservative), kinetic energy theorem, mechanical energy theorem and their applications.

Geometric optics:

• Propagation of light (Fermat's principle, Snell-Descartes laws, index of refraction),
• Image formation and optical systems (stigmatism, Gaussian approximation, mirrors, thin lenses, dispersive systems, centered systems, optical instruments)

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This UE is an introduction to analysis (functions of one real variable) for the first year students of the PCSI portal.

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This course is designed to make first-year students aware of the issues surrounding the use, exploitation and management of the Earth's natural resources.

By way of introduction, an overview identifying the different types of these resources (energy, mineral, water) and the major associated issues (economic and environmental) will be presented.

Different types of resources will then be presented in three stages:

- The notion of mineral resources will be explored in depth by presenting the itinerary of chemical elements, from their creation in the Universe to their storage in the minerals that make up rocks and their use in the technologies employed in everyday life. This aspect will allow the introduction of basic notions in solid state chemistry and mineralogy, illustrated by mineralogy tutorials and practical exercises.

- The problem and the functioning of geological reservoirs trapping natural resources will be addressed by focusing on conventional energy resources (hydrocarbons) and future resources (underground storage of resources, geothermal energy).

- Finally, the major issues related to water resources in the world will be studied in depth. The global cycle of water on Earth will be presented and the essential notions allowing to understand the current major issues will be identified (definitions of an aquifer and a hydrosystem and the main types encountered, chemical interactions between water and rocks and illustration of processes centered on the chemistry of mineral and thermal waters).

Hourly volumes:

CM :18

TD :12

TP :6

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After some reminders of classical mechanics we will approach the fundamental quantities of thermodynamics: elementary work, macroscopic...
The distinction heat/temperature will be exposed at length.
The notion of pressure will be exposed macroscopically while giving however the microscopic interpretation.
Then with a historical approach we will show how the principles 1 and 2 could have been stated

From there applications will be seen: cycles, perfect/real gas....

Thanks to the introduction of changes of state, examples (critical point) will be exposed.
We will finish with thermics: essentially diffusion. Depending on the remaining time notions about radiation will be exposed.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds that, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundation for the basic concepts necessary for students pursuing scientific careers, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry and health studies.

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This module is an introduction to the use of Python for students in the sciences. It will cover notions of algorithmics and the Python language, but the approach is primarily oriented towards a usefulness in Science. The examples will be based on problems related to the other first year subjects.

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The planetology course focuses on the Solar System and its planets. Its position in the Universe is also addressed, allowing the introduction of the notion of exoplanet (detection and habitability). The teaching is composed of 3 parts: astrophysics, geophysics and geochemistry. The astrophysics part begins with a contextualization of the Universe and then deals with the formation of the Solar System, its dynamics and its evolution. The geophysics part deals with the planetary interiors and their evolution based on data from space missions. The geochemistry part deals with nucleosynthesis, the abundance of chemical elements and the composition of the primitive and current Earth and other planets from the study of meteorites. The approach developed combines theoretical and practical approaches.

Hourly volumes:

• CM : 18h
• TD : 9h
• Practical work : 9h

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This optional course allows students to prepare for the animal physiology courses of the next two semesters by approaching this discipline exclusively through the analysis of historical experiments that have provided the basis for this subject. In class, historical experiments on digestion, ventilation, cardiac activity, reproduction and development are analyzed. In class, the experiments analyzed cover nutrition, metabolism, respiratory gas exchange, vessels, blood pressure, kidneys, growth, nervous and hormonal communication and immunity.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course is the continuation of the S1 course "From Molecules to Cells" which will have laid the structural foundations of life. In this course, students will be introduced to the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements and bioenergetics.

This UE will be completed by the UE HAV204V for the L1 SVSE.

It will be followed by the L1 TEE and the L1 Chemistry.

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 The brain is at the center of human behavior. It is the control tower of the organism. It continuously receives a flow of information from the external environment as well as from the body. This information must be processed and analyzed rapidly in order to propose an appropriate response. All of these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological mechanisms.

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This course is intended for first year PCSI students. It is an introduction to linear algebra as well as to the solution of linear differential systems (matrix calculus, solution of linear systems, eigenvalues and diagonalization, solution of linear differential systems).

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