L1 - PCSI-KINE

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This module focuses on experimental techniques in chemistry. The first part will be devoted to the presentation of hygiene and safety rules in the chemistry laboratory. Each lab session will be preceded by a preparatory lab session. At the end of each lab session, students will be asked to write up a laboratory notebook/report (analysis, use of results, etc.).

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- Definition of an acid-base reaction.

- Acidity constant.

- Predominance diagram.

- Common examples of acids and bases: name, formula and nature - weak or strong - of sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, acetic acids, soda, potash, hydrogen carbonate ion, ammonia.

- Buffer solutions.

- Time evolution of a chemical system and reaction mechanisms in a closed reactor of uniform composition. Rates of disappearance of a reactant and formation of a product. Reaction rates for a transformation modeled by a single chemical reaction.

- Speed laws: reactions without order, reactions with simple order (0, 1, 2), global order, order

apparent.

- Half-reaction time. Half-life of a radioactive nuclide. Documentary approach: using documents on radionuclides, tackle issues such as their use, storage and reprocessing.

- Empirical Arrhenius law; activation energy.

- Reaction mechanisms. Elementary acts, molecularity, reaction intermediates, transition states. Kinetically decisive step, quasi-steady-state approximation (QSSA).

Numerical approach: use the results of a numerical method to demonstrate approximations of the kinetically decisive step or the quasi-stationary state.

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The main aim of this course is to teach you how to pose and solve simple physics problems. The fields of application are material point mechanics and geometrical optics.

Mechanics of the material point :

• Force statics: studies of mechanical systems in equilibrium.
• Kinematics: the study of the movement of bodies independently of the causes that generate them.
• Dynamics: links between the causes of movement and the movement itself.
• Work and energy: work of forces (conservative and non-conservative), kinetic energy theorem, mechanical energy theorem and their applications.

Geometrical optics :

• Propagation of light (Fermat's principle, Snell-Descartes laws, refractive index),
• Image formation and optical systems (stigmatism, Gaussian approximation, mirrors, thin lenses, dispersive systems, centered systems, optical instruments).

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This course is an introduction to analysis (functions of one real variable) for first-year PCSI students.

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This course is designed to make first-year students aware of the issues surrounding the use, exploitation and management of the Earth's natural resources.

By way of introduction, an overview will be given of the different types of resource (energy, mineral, water) and the major economic and environmental issues involved.

Different types of resources will then be presented in three stages:

- The notion of mineral resources will be explored in greater depth by presenting the itinerary of chemical elements, from their creation in the Universe to their storage in the minerals that make up rocks, and their use in the technologies employed in everyday life. This aspect will introduce basic notions of solid state chemistry and mineralogy, illustrated by mineralogy tutorials and practical exercises.

- The problems and functioning of geological reservoirs trapping natural resources will be addressed, focusing on conventional energy resources (hydrocarbons) and resources of the future (underground storage of resources, geothermal energy).

- Finally, the major challenges facing water resources worldwide will be explored in greater depth. The global water cycle on Earth will be presented, and the essential concepts needed to understand today's major issues will be identified (definitions of an aquifer and a hydrosystem and the main types encountered, chemical interactions between water and rocks and illustration of processes centered on the chemistry of mineral and thermal waters).

Hourly volumes:

CM:18

TD :12

TP:6

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After a reminder of classical mechanics, we'll look at the fundamental quantities of thermodynamics: elementary and macroscopic work...
The heat/temperature distinction will be explained at length.
The notion of pressure will be explained macroscopically, but with a microscopic interpretation.
Then, with a historical approach, we'll show how Principles 1 and 2 came to be formulated.

From there, applications will be seen: cycles, perfect/real gas....

Thanks to the introduction of changes of state, examples (critical point) will be shown.
We will finish with thermics: essentially diffusion. Depending on the time available, we'll also cover radiation.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds which, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundations for the basic concepts required by students pursuing scientific courses, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry and health studies.

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This module is an introduction to the use of Python for science students. It covers the basics of algorithms and the Python language, but the approach is primarily geared towards use in the sciences. Examples are given of problems related to other first-year subjects.

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The planetology UE focuses on the Solar System and its planets. Its position in the Universe is also addressed, introducing the notion of exoplanets (detection and habitability). The course is divided into 3 parts: astrophysics, geophysics and geochemistry. The astrophysics section begins with an overview of the Universe, then looks at the formation of the Solar System, its dynamics and evolution. The geophysics section deals with planetary interiors and their evolution, based on data from space missions. The geochemistry section looks at nucleosynthesis, the abundance of chemical elements and the composition of the primitive and present-day Earth and other planets, based on the study of meteorites. The approach developed combines theoretical and practical approaches.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 18h
• TD: 9h
• Practical work: 9h

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This optional course enables students to prepare for the animal physiology courses of the next 2 semesters, by approaching this discipline exclusively through the analysis of the historical experiments that laid the foundations for this subject. In class, historical experiments on digestion, ventilation, cardiac activity, reproduction and development are analyzed. In TD, experiments are analyzed on nutrition, metabolism, respiratory gas exchange, vessels, blood pressure, kidneys, growth, nervous and hormonal communication and immunity.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course follows on from the S1 "From Molecules to Cells" course, which laid the structural foundations of living organisms. In this course, students will be introduced to the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements and bioenergetics.

This UE will be supplemented by UE HAV204V for L1 SVSE students.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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 The brain is at the heart of human behavior. It is the body's control tower. It continuously receives a flow of information from both the external environment and the body. This information must be processed and analyzed rapidly, in order to propose an appropriate response. All these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological mechanisms.

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This course is designed for first-year PCSI students. It provides an introduction to linear algebra and the resolution of linear differential systems (matrix calculus, resolution of linear systems, eigenvalues and diagonalization, resolution of linear differential systems).

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