L1 - PCSI-KINE

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This module focuses on experimental techniques in chemistry. The first part will be devoted to an overview of health and safety rules in the chemistry laboratory. Each lab session will be preceded by a preparatory tutorial session. At the end of each lab session, students will be required to complete a lab notebook or report (including analysis and interpretation of results, etc.).

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- Definition of an acid-base reaction.

- Acidity constant.

- Predominance chart.

- Common examples of acids and bases: name, formula, and type—weak or strong—of sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, and acetic acids; sodium hydroxide; potassium hydroxide; the hydrogen carbonate ion; and ammonia.

- Buffer solutions.

- Temporal evolution of a chemical system and reaction mechanisms in a closed reactor of uniform composition. Rates of reactant consumption and product formation. Reaction rate for a transformation modeled by a single chemical reaction.

- Speed laws: reactions without order, reactions with simple order (0, 1, 2), global order, order

apparent.

- Half-life. The half-life of a radioactive nuclide. Document-based approach: Using documents related to radionuclides, explore, for example, issues related to their use, storage, or reprocessing.

- Arrhenius's empirical law; activation energy.

- Reaction mechanisms. Elementary reactions, molecularity, reaction intermediates, transition state. Kinetically determining step, quasi-steady-state approximation (AEQS).

Numerical approach: Use the results of a numerical method to identify approximations of the kinetically decisive step or the quasi-steady state.

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The main objective of this course is to teach you how to formulate and solve simple physics problems. The areas of application are the mechanics of a point particle and geometric optics.

Mechanics of the Material Point:

• Statics: Analysis of Mechanical Systems in Equilibrium.
• Kinematics: the study of the motion of bodies, independent of the causes that produce it.
• Dynamics: the relationships between the causes of motion and motion itself.
• Work and Energy: Work Done by Forces (Conservative and Non-Conservative), the Kinetic Energy Theorem, the Mechanical Energy Theorem, and Their Applications.

Geometric Optics:

• Light Propagation (Fermat's Principle, Snell-Descartes' Laws, refractive index),
• Image Formation and Optical Systems (stigmatism, Gaussian approximation, mirrors, thin lenses, dispersive systems, centered systems, optical instruments).

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This course unit is an introduction to analysis (functions of a real variable) for first-year students in the PCSI program.

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This course aims to raise awareness among first-year students about issues related to the use, exploitation, and management of the Earth’s natural resources.

As an introduction, an overview identifying the different types of these resources (energy, mineral, and water) and the major issues associated with them (economic and environmental) will be presented.

Various types of resources will then be presented in three stages:

- The concept of mineral resources will be explored in depth by tracing the journey of chemical elements, from their formation in the universe to their storage in the minerals that make up rocks and their applications in everyday technologies. This will serve as an introduction to basic concepts in solid-state chemistry and mineralogy, illustrated through mineralogy tutorials and lab sessions.

- The challenges and operation of geological reservoirs that store natural resources will be discussed, with a focus on conventional energy resources (hydrocarbons) and future resources (underground storage of resources, geothermal energy).

- Finally, the major global challenges related to water resources will be explored in depth. The global water cycle on Earth will be presented, and the key concepts necessary for understanding today’s major challenges will be identified (definitions of an aquifer and a hydrosystem, along with the main types encountered; chemical interactions between water and rocks; and illustrations of processes focused on the chemistry of mineral and thermal waters).

Hourly volumes:

CM: 18

TD: 12

TP: 6

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After reviewing classical mechanics, we will discuss the fundamental quantities of thermodynamics: elementary work, macroscopic work...
The distinction between heat and temperature will be explained in detail.
The concept of pressure will be explained from a macroscopic perspective, while also providing its microscopic interpretation.
Next, using a historical approach, we will show how the first and second laws of thermodynamics came to be formulated.

From there, we will look at various applications: cycles, ideal and real gases, etc.

With the introduction of phase changes, examples (critical point) will be discussed.
We will conclude with thermal phenomena: primarily diffusion. Depending on the time remaining, concepts related to radiation will be discussed.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds, which, by definition, contain carbon. This course unit serves as an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundation for the basic concepts needed by students pursuing studies in the sciences, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry, and health sciences.

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This module provides an introduction to using Python for students pursuing a degree in the sciences. It covers concepts in algorithms and the Python language, but the focus is primarily on practical applications in the sciences. The examples will therefore address issues related to other first-year courses.

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The Planetary Science course focuses on the Solar System and its planets. Its place in the universe is also discussed, providing an introduction to the concept of exoplanets (detection and habitability). The course consists of three parts: astrophysics, geophysics, and geochemistry. The astrophysics section begins by placing the Solar System in the context of the Universe and then addresses its formation, dynamics, and evolution. The geophysics section deals with planetary interiors and their evolution based on data from space missions. The geochemistry section focuses on nucleosynthesis, the abundance of chemical elements, and the composition of the early and present-day Earth as well as other planets, based on the study of meteorites. The course combines theoretical and practical approaches.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 6:00 p.m.
• TD: 9 a.m.
• Practical Training: 9:00 a.m.

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This elective course enables students to prepare for the animal physiology courses in the next two semesters by approaching the subject exclusively through an analysis of the historical experiments that laid the foundations for this field. During class, students analyze historical experiments on digestion, respiration, cardiac activity, reproduction, and development. In the tutorials, the experiments analyzed cover nutrition, metabolism, respiratory gas exchange, blood vessels, blood pressure, the kidneys, growth, nervous and hormonal communication, and immunity.

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The course “Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1” is a continuation of the first-semester course “From Molecules to Cells,” which laid the structural foundations of living organisms. In this course, students will learn the fundamentals of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements, and bioenergetics.

This course unit will be supplemented by course unit HAV204V for L1 SVSE students.

It will be followed by the L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry programs.

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 The brain is at the center of human behavior. It serves as the body’s control center. It continuously receives a stream of information from both the external environment and the body. This information must be processed and analyzed quickly in order to generate an appropriate response. All of these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological processes.

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This course is intended for first-year PCSI students. It provides an introduction to linear algebra and the solution of linear differential systems (matrix calculus, solving linear systems, eigenvalues and diagonalization, and solving linear differential systems).

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