L1 - PCSI-KINE

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This module focuses on experimental techniques in chemistry. The first part will be devoted to presenting health and safety rules in chemistry laboratories. Each practical session will be preceded by a preparatory tutorial session. At the end of each practical session, students will be required to write a laboratory notebook/report (analysis, interpretation of results, etc.).

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- Definition of an acid-base reaction.

- Acidity constant.

- Predominance diagram.

- Common examples of acids and bases: name, formula, and nature (weak or strong) of sulfuric, nitric, hydrochloric, phosphoric, and acetic acids; soda; potash; hydrogen carbonate ion; ammonia.

- Buffer solutions.

- Temporal evolution of a chemical system and reaction mechanisms in a closed reactor of uniform composition. Rates of disappearance of a reactant and formation of a product. Reaction rate for a transformation modeled by a single chemical reaction.

- Speed laws: reactions without order, reactions with simple order (0, 1, 2), global order, order

apparent.

- Half-life. Half-life of a radioactive nuclide. Documentary approach: using documents on radionuclides, address issues related to their use, storage, or reprocessing, for example.

- Arrhenius empirical law; activation energy.

- Reaction mechanisms. Elementary acts, molecularity, reaction intermediates, transition states. Kinetically determining step, quasi-steady state approximation (QSSA).

Numerical approach: use the results of a numerical method to highlight approximations of the kinetically determining step or quasi-steady state.

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The main objective of this course is to teach you how to pose and solve simple physics problems. The areas of application are point particle mechanics and geometric optics.

Mechanics of the material point:

• Statics: study of mechanical systems in equilibrium.
• Kinematics: the study of the motion of bodies independently of the causes that produce it.
• Dynamics: links between the causes of motion and motion itself.
• Work and energy: work done by forces (conservative and non-conservative), kinetic energy theorem, mechanical energy theorem, and their applications.

Geometric optics:

• Propagation of light (Fermat's principle, Snell-Descartes laws, refractive index)
• Image formation and optical systems (stigmatism, Gaussian approximation, mirrors, thin lenses, dispersive systems, centered systems, optical instruments).

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This course is an introduction to analysis (functions of a real variable) for first-year students in the PCSI program.

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This course unit aims to raise awareness among first-year students about issues relating to the use, exploitation, and management of the Earth's natural resources.

By way of introduction, an overview identifying the different types of resources (energy, minerals, water) and the major issues associated with them (economic and environmental) will be presented.

Different types of resources will then be presented in three stages:

- The concept of mineral resources will be explored in depth by presenting the journey of chemical elements, from their creation in the universe to their storage in the minerals that make up rocks and their uses in everyday technologies. This aspect will introduce basic concepts in solid-state chemistry and mineralogy, illustrated by mineralogy tutorials and practicals.

- The issues and functioning of geological reservoirs that trap natural resources will be addressed, focusing on conventional energy resources (hydrocarbons) and future resources (underground storage of resources, geothermal energy).

- Finally, the major challenges relating to water resources around the world will be explored in depth. The global water cycle on Earth will be presented and the key concepts needed to understand the major current issues will be identified (definitions of an aquifer and a hydrosystem and the main types encountered, chemical interactions between water and rocks, and an illustration of the processes involved in the chemistry of mineral and thermal waters).

Hourly volumes:

CM: 18

TD: 12

TP: 6

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After reviewing classical mechanics, we will discuss the fundamental quantities of thermodynamics: elementary work, macroscopic work, etc.
The distinction between heat and temperature will be explained in detail.
The concept of pressure will be explained macroscopically, while also providing a microscopic interpretation.
Next, using a historical approach, we will show how principles 1 and 2 were formulated.

From there, applications will be examined: cycles, ideal/real gas, etc.

Thanks to the introduction of state changes, examples (critical point) will be presented.
We will conclude with thermodynamics: mainly diffusion. Depending on the time remaining, concepts related to radiation will be presented.

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Organic chemistry is a branch of chemistry that deals with the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of natural or synthetic organic compounds that, by definition, contain carbon. This course provides an introduction to organic chemistry and lays the foundations for the basic concepts needed by students pursuing scientific studies, particularly in chemistry, biology, biochemistry, and health studies.

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This module is an introduction to using Python for students pursuing a degree in science. It covers concepts in algorithmics and the Python language, but the approach is primarily geared toward practical applications in science. The examples will therefore focus on issues related to other first-year subjects.

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The planetology course focuses on the Solar System and its planets. Its position in the Universe is also discussed, introducing the concept of exoplanets (detection and habitability). The course consists of three parts: astrophysics, geophysics, and geochemistry. The astrophysics section begins by providing context within the Universe, then addresses the formation of the Solar System, its dynamics, and its evolution. The geophysics part deals with planetary interiors and their evolution based on data from space missions. The geochemistry part focuses on nucleosynthesis, the abundance of chemical elements, and the composition of the primitive Earth, the present Earth, and other planets based on the study of meteorites. The approach developed combines theoretical and practical approaches.

Hourly volumes:

• CM: 6 p.m.
• Tutorial: 9 a.m.
• Practical work: 9 hours

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This optional course allows students to prepare for the animal physiology classes of the next two semesters by approaching this discipline exclusively through the analysis of historical experiments that laid the foundations for this subject. The course analyzes historical experiments on digestion, ventilation, cardiac activity, reproduction, and development. In tutorials, the experiments analyzed address nutrition, metabolism, respiratory gas exchange, blood vessels, blood pressure, kidneys, growth, nervous and hormonal communication, and immunity.

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The "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of the Cell 1" course is a continuation of the S1 course "From Molecules to Cells," which laid the structural foundations of life. In this course, students will learn the basics of biochemistry, replication, transcription, translation, intracellular movements, and bioenergetics.

This EU will be supplemented by EU HAV204V for L1 SVSE.

It will be followed by L1 TEE and L1 Chemistry.

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 The brain is at the center of human behavior. It acts as the body's control tower. It continuously captures a flow of information coming from both the external environment and the body. This information must be processed and analyzed quickly in order to provide an appropriate response. All of these mechanisms, which at first glance appear complex, are based on simple biological mechanisms.

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This course unit is intended for first-year PCSI students. It provides an introduction to linear algebra and the solution of linear differential systems (matrix calculus, solution of linear systems, eigenvalues and diagonalization, solution of linear differential systems).

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