How the Shaft Works

Morphogenesis and Fundamental Processes in Tree Development

               Primary growth (organogenesis and elongation; stem and root)

               Secondary Growth (Function of the Cambium and Phellogen)

               Branching and Branching Patterns

               Reproduction (from flower to fruit) and reproductive phenology

Tree Architecture

               Architectural Models

               The Concept of Architectural Unity

               Repetition

               Aging and Decline

               Morphogenetic gradients

               Root Architecture

               Diversity, Variability, and Plasticity in Tree Functioning and Adaptation

Structure-Time Relationships: Dendrochronological Approaches      

               Phenology and Chronobiology

               Primary growth, branching, flowering, and morpho-anatomical markers

               Chalazal Function and Growth Rings

               Retrospective Reconstruction of Tree Development

Ecophysiology and Functional Architecture of Trees             

               Mechanical Support

               Root Uptake (including the role of mycorrhizae)

               Conduction

               Photosynthesis

               Reserves

               Reproduction

               Trade-offs and Compromises Between Functions

Adaptations and Structure-Function Relationships

               Adaptations to herbivory (spines, underground stems, latex, chemical compounds, etc.)

               Resistance to pathogens (bark, latex, etc.)

               Fire resistance (bark, ability to regenerate, fire-dependent plants, etc.)

               Drought Tolerance/Resistance

Wood: A Marker of History

               Anthracology

               Dendrochronology / dendroclimatology

               An indicator of vegetation, land use, and climate

               Practical training: Analysis of core samples after drying…

The EU HAW703 course aims to provide students with knowledge about the development and functioning of trees through an integrative approach. The life cycle of the tree is thus explored through the spatial and temporal development of its architecture, anatomy, and major functions. Diversity is addressed through examples of Mediterranean, temperate, and tropical species and their adaptations to their environments.

Understand and describe the architecture of a tree by analyzing its primary and secondary growth.

Identify the genetic and environmental factors that influence primary growth, cambial function, and duration.

Distinguish between the main tree species in standing stands and in plantings

Understanding how trees adapt to climate change.