• Level of study

    BAC +2

  • ECTS

    3 credits

  • Component

    Faculty of Science

Description

The EU Membrane transfers (semester 4) aims at describing the role and the different types of membrane transfers. Membrane permeability (i) to water (osmosis; water transfer mechanisms; aquaporins); (ii) to ions and solutes (factors affecting ion exchange: electroneutrality and osmotic equilibrium) will be covered. Transporters; ionic and non-ionic channels. Genetic diseases related to transfers: channelopathies and co-transportopathies.

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Objectives

- Knowledge :

Introduction Reminders on the liquid compartments. Origin and definition of epithelia. The different types of epithelia.

Physiology of membrane transfers: Water permeability and osmosis: mechanisms of water transfer; concepts of membrane water permeability; water channels (aquaporins); water movements in red blood cells; measurement of osmolarity by cryoscopy. Diffusion: Fick's laws; osmotic flux; mechanisms and regulation of water permeability in epithelia.

Solute and electrolyte transfers: permeability to solutes and electrolytes; electrolyte transport. Factors affecting ion exchange: electroneutrality and osmotic balance. Energy required for ion transfer: qualitative and quantitative aspects. Force and electrical energy. Total energy of transfer and electrochemical potential. Nernst equilibrium. Equilibrium potential of an ion. Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium. Origin of the membrane potential: Goldman, Hodgkin and Katz equation. The resting potential.

Biological aspects of transfer: Facilitated diffusion transport: uniport transporters; anti-port or exchange ion transporters; non-ion channels; ion channels: ROC, SMOC, VOC, POC. Secondary active transport: cotransport; exchange. Primary active transport. Genetic diseases related to transfers: channelopathies; co-transportopathies.

The TD sessions (5 sessions of 1h30) allow to deepen the notions seen in lectures.

-Know-how :

Tutorial.

Know how to identify and describe the different types of membrane transfers.

Know how to analyze experimental results

Know how to reposition theoretical acquisitions in an experimental context

Master the written and oral expression of the French language and its techniques of expression.

Know how to respect syntax and spelling as well as the characteristics of the type of writing.

Know how to take notes during lectures

To be independent in the writing activity and to demonstrate the ability to communicate one's thoughts, to reason and to organize one's knowledge.

Know how to analyze experimental results.

Know how to reposition theoretical acquisitions in an experimental context.

Research, analyze and use information from different sources and media (articles, etc.)

Develop critical thinking skills when analyzing scientific and non-scientific materials.

Know how to construct and illustrate a presentation.

Know how to write synthetic documents (presentation, note, report, etc.).

Know how to speak in public.

Know how to take notes at conferences.

Be autonomous in work.

Referential

Identify and conduct independently the different steps of an experimental approach. Identify, choose and apply a combination of analytical tools (current techniques, instrumentation) adapted to characterize organisms (from the biomolecule to the individual in its complexity) and their functioning at different levels of analysis (intracellular metabolism, biology and physiology of complex organisms, interactions between individuals and groups, interactions with the environment)

Interpret experimental data to consider their modeling. Validate a model by comparing its predictions to experimental results and assess its limits of validity. Identify the sources of error to calculate the uncertainty of an experimental result.

-Know how to be :

Respect the instructions during practical interventions.

Learn to work as a team.

Master the written and oral expression of the French language and its techniques of expression. Respect the syntax and spelling as well as the characteristics of the type of writing.

Complete a job on time.

Have a rigorous approach to problems.

Know how to take notes during lectures.

Be autonomous in work.

Know how to be rigorous, know how to be autonomous. To be autonomous in the writing activity and to demonstrate the ability to communicate one's thoughts, to reason and to organize one's knowledge.

Referential

Work in a team as well as independently and responsibly in the service of a project.

Characterize and value one's identity, skills and professional project according to a context. To step back from a situation, to evaluate oneself and to question oneself in order to learn.

Identify and select various specialized resources to document a topic. Analyze and synthesize data for use. Develop an argument with critical thinking. Use the different registers of written and oral expression of the French language with ease. To use with ease written and oral comprehension and expression in at least one foreign language.

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Necessary pre-requisites

accessible to students holding the 1st year of a Bachelor's degree in Life and Health Sciences (or another biology degree), or of a biology IUT that has enabled them to acquire notions in cellular and molecular physiology.

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