Biological investigations

This course is dedicated to biological markers. It is a pre-introduction to detection and diagnostic techniques. It deals with different aspects of biomarkers :

Molecular markers / techniques of identification by genomic analysis in medicine and agronomy.

1) Concept of polymorphism and detection technique: The RFLP / ER-probe nucleic acid

2) RFLP markers and other genetic markers: SNP, STR.

3) Search for new molecular markers: differential screening of cDNA libraries / subtractive libraries / Transcriptomics

4) Other genomic analyses of polymorphism: AFLP / DNA fingerprinting.

Identification techniques in the food industry using immunological techniques

1) Basics of immunological techniques
2) Agglutination reactions
3) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods
Studies of examples of application in the food industry:
- study of the diagnostic kit for rhizominia in beet (sandwich ELISA)
- determination of ochratoxin A in cereals (competitive ELISA)
- evaluation of the freshness of fish by determination of histamine (competitive ELISA)

Biochemical identification of protein and other markers (metabolites)

1) Basics of chromatography and the physical characterization of a spectrum (the interactions involved in each case and the solvents used to implement them).

2) Affinity chromatography

2.1) Principle of this type of analysis

2.2) Search for the best Tag (label) for the preparation of a specific gel. 

2.3) Their usefulness for the different fields of investigation in research.

3) Study of protein-protein, protein-DNA and other interactions

4) HPLC and FPLC and Gas Chromatography.

- Mastery of molecular markers for analysis and molecular diagnosis

- Mastery of antigenic markers and current techniques of immunological analysis.

- Mastery of chromatographic techniques for analysis and fractionation.