Plant Biomolecules: Diversity and Applications

To know the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthetic pathways of these molecules, the mechanisms of regulation of these biosyntheses in the plant and microorganisms. In this module, the major families of molecules from secondary plant metabolism (terpenes, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins) are studied through their biosynthesis in the plant and the differentiation of specialized structures or groups of cells. Based on this knowledge, biotechnological approaches for metabolic engineering are presented. The role of these molecules in plant life is discussed as well as their properties used by industry as dyes, flavors, fragrances, drugs, biofuels. The use of natural polymers in the manufacture of industrial materials is discussed (paper pulp, rubber, plastics) and the production channels are described. Knowledge of the major families of plant molecules and their properties, the biosynthesis pathways of these molecules, and the mechanisms of regulation of these biosyntheses in the plant remains a major challenge for the development of biorefineries in Europe.                                              

Keywords: secondary metabolism, metabolic engineering, biomolecule valorization, cellular and metabolic differentiation, regulation of secondary metabolism.

Additional information:

Visits of 2 analytical platforms are planned on the Montpellier pole (duration 1h30 each)

- To raise awareness of the field of biomolecule valorisation in the world. Opening up to biotechnologies (green and white) and metabolic engineering. Integration into the framework of the ecological and economic transition. 

- To know the diversity of living molecules and plants in particular and to know how to place them in a metabolic context

- Understand the major properties of biomolecules in terms of their groupings, conformation and degree of polymerization

- To approach the principles of extraction and analysis according to their properties and sizes

- Valorization of biomolecules in many fields, from food to health

Cell biology, biochemistry, analytical chemistry