Cellular and Molecular Biology 2

This compulsory UE in S3 allows students to consolidate and deepen the basics of molecular and cell biology acquired in L1.

Molecular Biology part: The molecular and structural bases of nucleic acids will be developed and deepened to understand the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids, which open various perspectives of technological applications, and the molecular mechanisms of the main steps of Molecular Biology, such as DNA replication, transcription of genes into mRNAs and translation of these into proteins. These steps, illustrated by experimental evidence from various historical studies, will be studied in depth in prokaryotes. Comparisons with eukaryotes will also be discussed. The molecular mechanisms of DNA repair will also be described and developed.

Cell Biology Part: Major concepts of membrane and cytosolic protein complex formation will be discussed, particularly in the context of cell signaling pathways. The notions of ligands, receptors, scaffolding proteins, enzymatic signaling proteins, intracellular second messengers, response kinetics will be presented. Biochemistry and cell biology techniques to demonstrate the presence and localization of proteins in cells and tissues will be presented.

- Knowledge:

Molecular Biology:

-To know the molecular basis of the structural stability of nucleic acids.

-To master the physicochemical properties of nucleic acids in order to understand and develop different techniques of Molecular Biology (sequencing, determination of genetic mutations, hybridization, cloning, mechanisms of action of antiviral or antitumor agents).

-Know the molecular mechanisms that govern replication, transcription and translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

-Know the main cellular systems of DNA repair.

Cell Biology:

-Understand and assimilate the major concepts of pathway function

-Understand the impact of an interaction between a ligand and its receptor (conformation change, activation, etc...)

-Know the major signaling pathways

-Understand how we can analyze the functioning of certain signaling mechanisms, in particular through western blot and immunofluorescence approaches

-Know-how :

Molecular Biology:

-Know how to associate an experimental or biological molecular mechanism with the different mechanisms involving nucleic acids or proteins resulting from gene transcription/translation.

Cell biology: Be able to read and interpret results obtained by experimental approaches of western blots and immunofluorescence.

-Know how to be :

Understand the different concepts presented and use them to be able to propose hypotheses on the functioning of molecular and cellular processes Be able to make the link between the different molecular mechanisms presented.

Communicate with faculty and other students for reflective exercises.

Be able to formulate a hypothesis based on knowledge.

Be able to synthesize the functioning of a molecular mechanism in the form of a model diagram